UVA (320–400 nm)

Penetrates deeply, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to photoaging. Due to its prevalence, deep penetration, and significant biological effects, UVA1 is a major contributor to skin damage, underscoring the need for broad-spectrum photoprotection that includes UVA1 up to 400 nm to preserve skin health and integrity.^2,3.

UVB (290–320 nm)

Drives erythema, DNA damage, and mutagenesis, leading to increased risk of skin cancer.⁴

VL (400–700 nm)

Found especially in high-energy blue wavelengths, triggers melanogenesis and inflammation, worsening hyperpigmentation.^{1, 5-7.}

IRA (700–1400 nm)

Increases mitochondrial ROS and matrix metalloproteinases, accelerating dermal collagen breakdown and contributing to photoaging.^5,7,8